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Leavenworth Kansas & Leavenworth County: Area History

Leavenworth... "The First City Of Kansas"!
Located In Beautiful Northeastern Kansas Along The Missouri River

The land where Leavenworth and Fort Leavenworth are located today was originally inhabited by the Kansa, Osage and Delaware Indians.

In 1827, Colonel Henry Leavenworth founded Fort Leavenworth on the bluffs of the Missouri River.

For the next several decades Fort Leavenworth played an important role in keeping the peace among the various Indian tribes and the increasing number of settlers heading west. By the 1840s, travel to Oregon and California had begun and thousands of wagons passed through on the way to the Santa Fe and Oregon Trail. In 1854, Leavenworth was founded as the very first city of Kansas, and became nationally known as the "jumping off point" for the opening of the West.

Buffalo Bill Cody spent part of his youth here and later worked as a Pony Express rider and Army scout. Cody's parents are buried in Leavenworth.

In 1863, the legislature passed an act to erect the Kansas State Penitentiary within what is now the city of Lansing. Work started in 1864. However, because of money difficulties and the Civil War, work stopped and did not start again until 1866.

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In 1881, the school that was later to become the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College was founded on Fort Leavenworth by General William T. Sherman.
	Some of the many famous students and instructors at the college are George C. Marshall, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Douglas MacArthur, Colin Powell and George Patton.
In 1906, the first cell house of the Leavenworth Federal Penitentiary was opened and later was home to such famous criminals as Al Capone, Machine Gun Kelly and the Birdman of Alcatraz.

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